The Analysis of Multicultural Concept in Azerbaijani Medium Secondary School “Knowledge of World” Textbooks

Abstract

This study explores how multiculturalism is represented in Azerbaijani-medium secondary school "Knowledge of the World" textbooks for grades 5 to 9. Azerbaijan presents itself as a multicultural society, but how well does this identity reflect in its education system? Through qualitative content analysis, this research examines key multicultural concepts—such as race, ethnicity, diversity, and discrimination—and how they are integrated into these textbooks. The findings show that while the textbooks emphasize tolerance and national unity, they provide only limited coverage of ethnic minorities, cultural diversity, and the complexities of inclusion. Islam is prominently featured, while other religions and cultures receive little attention. Critical discussions on discrimination and prejudice are largely absent, missing an opportunity to encourage deeper thinking about social justice. Overall, the study highlights that while Azerbaijani textbooks promote a positive view of multiculturalism, they could benefit from a more inclusive and detailed approach to better reflect the country’s diverse society.