Quantum Dots in Semiconductors for Coming Optical Applications

Abstract

Review of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) development and research for optical applications. The QDs are tiny crystals, around 10 nm in size, made of semiconductors III-V, II-VI, IV, and IV-VI. They are divided into two categories. The self-assembled QDs, which are grown epitaxially on a semiconductor substrate, are one type. The other type is colloidal QDs, which are chemically produced in a solvent. Due to the fact that both QDs' emission wavelengths span a broad spectrum, from visible to infrared, the QDs are appealing to a variety of application domains. In the areas of replacing current devices, quantum information devices, and solar energy conversion devices, research on both epitaxial QDs and colloidal QDs has advanced. The QD devices will be crucial to the 21st century's large-capacity information-oriented civilization and the solution to the energy crisis. The three application sectors, namely the replacement of current products, quantum information devices, and solar cells, are the main topics of this article.