http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6457 Sat, 04 Apr 2026 03:32:20 GMT 2026-04-04T03:32:20Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6464 Title: Life, Art, and Politics: Pakistan and Social Misrepresentations Authors: Naqvi, Syeda Sughra Abstract: This paper critically analyses how Mohsin Hamid in ‘Discontent and Its Civilizations’ delineates the rupture lines prompted by a decade and a half of tectonic change, from the ‘war on terror’ to the struggles of individuals to maintain humanity in the inflexible physiognomy of repressive ideology, or the apathetic face of globalization. Whether he is discussing ritual love affairs or pop culture, drones or the pattern of day-to-day life in an extended family, he carries us beyond the doomsayer headlines of a perturbed West and a turbulent East and helps to bring a dazzling manifold world within spiritual and intellectual reach. The classifications under which the essays are congregated: Life, Art, and Politics may be considered universal, as the themes of these segments are wide-ranging. Hamid’s nonfiction pieces of writings are deep-rooted in the shifting nature of his homeland. He talks about the way in which Pakistan “plays a recurring role as villain in the horror sub-industry within the news business” (Hamid, 2014). He believes that in Pakistan, Islam has been as a binding force for developing unity for strengthening nationhood. Although Pakistan; “a test bed for pluralism on a globalising planet” (Hamid, 2014), is still struggling for “more pluralism” (Hamid, 2014). American drone attacks have had a deeply detrimental effect by refusing the sovereignty of Pakistan and Pakistani society, and by demanding ‘do more’ to accost the problem of extremists who tyrannize Pakistanis/Muslims or non-Pakistanis/ non-Muslims in the same way. Such social misrepresentations, for some selfish self-interests, neither only shatter the image of a nation in the world, but also play a vital role in transformation of the nation alike with the help of such vague reflections. Pakistan and Islam both need to be reviewed without any “makeup and plastic fangs” (Hamid, 2014) or else future generations will look back at our era and think of us with the same perplexity that we think of those who lived in societies that legalized slavery. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6464 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6463 Title: Ethnic politics and National Integration in Nigeria's Fourth Republic Authors: Aderayo, Adebajo Adeola; Olawunmi, Kunle Abstract: One of the contentious issues affecting national integration in Nigeria is ethnic politics. An ethnicity is a potent tool for mobilizing access to power and resources in Nigeria. It has not only affected nation-building but has also constituted security and governance challenges threatening national integration. Despite different measures adopted to foster national unity among different ethnic groups, primordial sentiments pervade the political system, festering like a malignant tumour with associated prognosis. The paper explored the implications of ethnic politics on national integration in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. Data elicited from secondary sources were utilized for the study. The findings showed that the dominant ethnic groups determine party formation, voting patterns and allocation of public goods. Ethnic politics is deployed by the political class to access and maintain their grip of power while other sub-ethnic groups are sidelined. Undue ethnicization of Nigeria's politics has not only encouraged prebendalised politics but affected democratic development. Electoral malpractices, political instability and crises experienced in Nigeria have their roots in ethnic politics. The study recommended, among other things, that there is a need for reorientation of Nigerian citizens on the danger ethnicized politics portends to nation-building and national integration. Furthermore, there is the need to redefine citizenship, indigene-settler syndrome and son of the soil conundrum that has been spurring ethnic politics in Nigeria. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6463 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6462 Title: The Issue of Azerbaijan in Ottoman Society and the role of the Special Organization Teshkilat-i Mahsusa Authors: Jannatov, Asim Abstract: The issue of Azerbaijan was the focus of attention of the Ottoman Empire before the proclamation of the Republic of Turkiye. The Ottoman dynasty, which had conquered a large part of Europe up to the gates of Vienna, later lost much of its territory. The loss of large areas of the Ottoman Empire forced him to take security measures in neighboring countries. Despite extensive conquests in Africa and Europe, the Ottoman Empire lost much of its territory and vitality in its wars with Russia. This factor gave grounds to take more serious steps against Russia. In order to prevent Russia from advancing further, uniting the Azerbaijani Turks in the Caucasus and Iran against it was the right choice for the security of the Ottoman state. The Ottoman Special Organization – Teshkilat-i Mahsusa established on the eve of the war due to a lack of troops, which was active in Iran and the Caucasus, did much to strengthen security in the Ottoman Empire before and during the World War I. In general, the Organization played an important role in raising the Azerbaijani Turks against Tsarist Russia and in the formation of the Azerbaijani question in Ottoman society. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6462 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6461 Title: Raising The Breed Without Greed: Prognostic Analysis of Chidubem Iweka’s August Inmates Authors: Osanyemi, Taiwo A. Stanley Abstract: The high level of greed and corruption and their attendant socio-political stasis and ineptitude in contemporary Nigeria has been portrayed in Chidubem Iweka’s August Inmates. Existing literary and scholarly engagements on greed and corruption are ubiquitous and they have focused on the havoc they have unleashed on the society. Nonetheless, it appears that the prognostic studies on how to raise future leaders without the influence of the cancerous greed and corruption have been given little or no consideration. This is the critical gap this paper attempts to fill. This paper therefore investigates the social and vicious greed and its sociopolitical consequences in order to raise future leaders that will eschew the protracted and recalcitrant greed in Nigerian socio-political environment. The primary text is Chidubem Iweka’s August Inmates. It will be subjected to critical analysis in both content and form. Inspirations will be drawn from Postcolonialism as theoretical framework. The essence of literary Postcolonialism is to allow for the examination of socio-political vices and imbalances in contemporary Nigeria in order to seek for ways of ameliorating them through the selection of ideal future leaders; it will also undergird the analysis of our findings. The study identifies significantly greed as the bane of socio-political peace and progress. It concludes that in raising breed of leaders without greed some priceless socio-political virtues must be explicitly injected into the society. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6461 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z