http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/611 Thu, 21 May 2026 04:16:12 GMT 2026-05-21T04:16:12Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/8321 Title: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Among Livestock Sector Stakeholders in Seven Former Soviet Countries: A Multi-Country Regional Analysis Authors: Kovacs, Dora; Raizman, Eran; Deckert, Anne; Aliyeva, Chichak; Angelovski, Dragan; Beglaryan, Zaruhi; Charypkhan, Duriya; Ciria, Natalia; Khakimov, Tolibjon; Kichinebatyrova, Maripa; Maratova, Elvira; Nagy, Tamas; Sargsyan, Anna Abstract: Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest health threats affecting humans, animals and the environment. Antimicrobial use (AMU) in the livestock sector contributes to the development and spread of AMR, highlighting the need to understand the current situation, to target knowledge gaps and non-prudent practices with tailored interventions, and improve antimicrobial stewardship. This is especially important in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where data on AMU and AMR are currently limited. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among farmers, veterinarians, veterinary pharmacy personnel and feed mill personnel related to AMU (particularly considering the use of antibiotics) and AMR in seven former Soviet countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Ukraine. Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted between 2020 and 2025 with 3012 participants, with results analyzed using an aggregated regional approach. Results: The interviews revealed common regional knowledge gaps and practices among livestock sector stakeholders related to antimicrobials, AMR, antimicrobial residues, and prudent AMU. Non-prudent practices, such as the purchase of antimicrobials without a prescription, the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters, the inappropriate disposal of antimicrobials, and the frequent use of highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIAs) were reported. Another factor that may hinder prudent AMU was the limited access of veterinarians to diagnostic laboratories. Conclusions: Despite significant global efforts to tackle AMR, there is an ongoing need to address knowledge gaps and non-prudent practices of livestock sector stakeholders in former Soviet countries. The findings highlight the importance of antimicrobial stewardship interventions that address system-level drivers of improper AMU beyond stakeholder trainings. Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/8321 2026-04-09T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/8140 Title: Analysis of the functional traits of some Quercus species under different ecological conditions in Azerbaijan Authors: Aliyeva, Gullu; Ojaghi, Javid; Mammadova, Zumrud; Badalova, Vusala; Ismayilova, Vusala; Maharramov, Saleh; Hasanova, Minara Abstract: Given the ecological importance of forests in combating global warming, there has been increasing attention in recent years to researching Quercus species for their ability to withstand drought. The study presented here was conducted to assess the impacts of various water conditions on the functional aspects and genetic diversity of oak species. We compared four Quercus species [Quercus petraea ssp. iberica (Stev.), Q. macranthera ssp. macranthera (K.Koch) Menitsky, Q. castaneifolia C.A.Mey., Q. robur ssp. pedunculiflora (K.Koch) Menitsky] in different sites of Azerbaijan. Thus, five functional traits (relative water content (RWC), water content (WC), leaf mass per unit area (LMA), specific leaf area (SLA), and succulence (S) related to drought tolerance were measured. Then, cluster analysis based on these functional traits was conducted, and the Euclidean genetic distance index was determined. As the temperature increases and the amount of precipitation decreases, plants are exposed to drought stress, which is accompanied by a decrease in RWC, WC, SLA and S. In contrast, an increase in LMA was observed. This response of the plant to changing environmental conditions reflects the activation of a protective mechanism; the plant is fighting for survival. The conducted analyses reveal significant genetic diversity among oak genotypes, which is formed under the influence of ecological adaptation, geographical distribution, and evolutionary processes. Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/8140 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3685 Title: The Novel Patient with BLNK Gene Type of Agammaglobulinemia Authors: Nasrullayeva, Gulnara Mahammadali; Mammadova, Vafa Rustam; Khalilova, Afaq Vladimr; Shahgeldiyeva, Shabnam Eldar Abstract: Background: Agammaglobulinemia (AGM) is a genetic immune system disorder in which the body could not produce antibodies. There are two types of this disease: X-linked AGM (XLA) and autosomal forms. X-linked agammaglobulinemia results from a mutation in the gene for Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), found on the X chromosome. Mutations in BTK result in lack of mature B-cells and immunoglobulins of all classes. There are 8 types of autosomal forms which are reflected in different defective genes. 7-year-old male patient at the age of 1 - 6, was encountered the recurrent broncho-pulmonary and gastro-intestinal infections, furunculosis and recurrent otitis. Also, because of the strain, pain and swelling on the 4th finger of the right hand it was suspected that the patient had rheumatoid arthritis. On immunological investigation, we have found out of absent of B lymphocyte. Level of IgG was 10 times less; IgA, IgM and IgE levels were 3 to 8 times less than the norm. Quantity of T-lymphocytes: absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes increased, CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were also high. Phagocyte activity in NBT, absolute number of NK cells and IRI index were 2 times lower than the norm. Genetically analysis has discovered the presence of abnormal homozygous BLNK gene. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3685 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z