http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4467 Sat, 04 Apr 2026 04:49:38 GMT 2026-04-04T04:49:38Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4474 Title: Analysis of the Ethical Leadership Behaviors’ Effect on Life Satisfaction and Mediation Effect of Organizational Commitment Authors: Kaçay, Zülbiye; Soyer, Fikret; Eskiler, Ersin Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ethical leadership behaviours of school administrators on life satisfaction of physical education and sports teachers and the mediating effect of organizational commitment on this effect. For this purpose, in 2015-2016 academic year, the physical education and sport teachers working at a formal schools in different provinces of Turkey were determined as a research sample by preferring an easy sampling method, the data was obtained from a total of 436 physical education and sport teachers, (176 female and 259 male). In order to obtain data, online surveys (147) and face to face interviews (289) were used. The data obtained from the survey was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. As a result, it was determined that there was a positive relationship among ethical leadership, organizational commitment and life satisfaction. Also a partial mediating effect of organizational commitment in the relationship between ethical leadership and life satisfaction was determined. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4474 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4473 Title: The Probable Effects of the Modernization of the Customs Union Upon the International Road Transportation Sector: Izmir Region Example Authors: Aydin, Ulviyye; Ucar, Ahmet; Akpinar, Rasim Abstract: This study aims to detect the probable effects of the modernization of the European Union (EU) - Turkey Customs Union upon the international road transportation sector. Izmir region has been selected as a research area. Izmir is located in the Aegean region, which is the third biggest city and second biggest port of Turkey. With its developed industry due to the region’s raw material resources, qualified labor force, and wide range of transportation opportunities, Izmir is one of the important trade centers, ranking second after the Marmara Region in terms of industry. Closeness to the landlocked centers with high processing capacities such as Manisa, Denizli, Aydin, Mugla, Bursa, Usak, Kutahya, and the presence of around 1,700 companies with international capital makes Izmir more critical for the logistics sector. Thus, it is considered an acceptable sample area for the research. A semistructured interview technique has been used in the investigation. According to the results of interviews with 19 international road transporters in Izmir, the modernization of the Customs Union will increase Turkey’s competitiveness of trading in goods and services with the EU countries. Removing the obstacles like visa problems, limitations on the free movement of drivers and transportation services, transit tolls that the Turkish road transport companies face in the EU member states, the modernization of the Customs Union will benefit both Turkish road transporters and exporters, as well as increase trade volume between the sides. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4473 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4472 Title: An International Comparison on Excessive Credit Expansion, Credit Guarantee Programs and The Risks Arising Authors: Tunay, K. Batu; Yuceyılmaz, Hasan F.; Çilesiz, Ahmet Abstract: Crediting in the banking sector plays an important role in all developed and developing countries. For this reason, it is monitored continuously by public authorities and measures are taken to control credit supply in economic growth periods. On the other hand, in an economic slowdown, when banks are reluctant to increase their credit portfolio, public credit guarantee programs are put into use to increase the credit supply. In this study, a sample covering 26 advanced and emerging economies was analyzed, and the effects of credit gap, credit guarantees and economic growth on credits and arising credit risks were investigated. The findings show that both credits and non-performing loans, an important measure of credit risk, are affected by credit gap, credit guarantees, and economic growth. On the one hand, public credit guarantees positively affect economic growth. On the other hand, though they are widely used for supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, our findings suggest that such expansive credit policies might negatively affect the riskiness of the credit portfolios and soundness of the banking sector. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4472 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4471 Title: Relationship Between Iranian L2 Learners’ Intercultural Communicative Competence and Personality Traits Authors: Hashemian, Mahmood; Farhang-Ju, Maryam Abstract: The rapid development of communication technologies has facilitated communication between citizens with diverse personality traits. As intercultural communicative competence (ICC) has recently found its way into L2 theory and research, not only is it important for L2 learners to gain knowledge of ICC but also it is essential to be aware of personality traits. Therefore, through investigating the (possible) relationship between ICC and personality traits, this study was an attempt to gain knowledge of L2 learners’ ICC and personality traits/types profiles. For this purpose, 165 upper-intermediate L2 learners (70 males and 95 females) participated in this study. Then, they filled out the ICC questionnaire and the MyersBriggs Type Indicator (MBTI) in different sessions. Data were analyzed through Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, independent samples t-test, and one–way ANOVA. Results indicated that (1) the participants were stronger at the introvert trait and extravert, intuitive, feeling, and judging type, (2) there was no relationship between the eight personality traits and the ICC scores, (3) the participants’ gender differences had no significant effect on their ICC scores, (4) and there were no statistically significant differences between the participants’ ICC scores for the three age groups. Findings are theoretically and practically significant. Pedagogical implications and suggestions are discussed in detail. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4471 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z