http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6473 2026-04-10T18:39:15Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6489 Title: Evolution of Portable Devices Authors: Almasli, Ali Abstract: In 2007, the milestone of smartphones, Apple Company, under the leadership of Steve Jobs, released the first iPhone, where applications can be personalized. Although this device is a mobile phone, it made history as the first device with a large touch screen and an internet connection and added a new dimension to the market. In 2008, after the sales success of Apple, the Taiwanese HTC Company launched the first commercially named HTC Dream with the Android operating system, which is open-source code against Apple's IOS operating system iPhone, allowing development by other people and companies. The article examines the development path of mobile phones in the recent period. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6488 Title: Resource Management in Internet of Things by Implementing Kruskal’s and Floyd’s Algorithms Authors: Alizada, Azar Abstract: The idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) has received a lot of interest recently because it has the potential to transform our physical world into a meaningful information-filled digital cyber environment. The IoT devices are more computationally powerful and smaller in resources in terms of size, number, memory, bandwidth and energy consumption. This thesis will examine resource management in IoT. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network that is made up of real-world items, including sensors, software, and other technologies integrated into them with the primary intention of connecting and exchanging data with other equipment and systems. Resource management is a critical component of IoT, as it ensures that the various devices and sensors are able to communicate and work together efficiently (I. Rašan, 2021). In this thesis, we will customize and implement two algorithms for resource management in IoT: Kruskal's algorithm and Floyd's algorithm. Kruskal's algorithm is an algorithm that looks for the most optimal solution, which is utilized to find the minimum spanning tree of a graph. The algorithm works by considering all the possible routes of the graph and selecting the one with the lowest weight. The minimum spanning tree is added to these possible routes, after which, the procedure is repeated until all the edges have been considered. Floyd's algorithm is an all-pairs shortest-path algorithm that is used to detect the best path in terms of length between all pairs of nodes in a certain graph. The algorithm works by considering all the nodes of the graph, and afterwards calculating the shortest route between every pair of nodes. We will compare and contrast the two algorithms, and evaluate their effectiveness by combining both to optimize resource management in IoT. As a result, Floyd’s and Kruskal’s algorithms are customized to detect and eliminate loops within devices to improve resource management in IoT devices. By using Floyd algorithm before Kruskal’s implementation it can be determined if there is a cycle in the IoT resources. Floyd algorithm-discovered cycles can be eliminated by applying the Kruskal algorithm. This method allows fewer cables, tracks, and othercomponents to be used in IoT devices. It can improve the efficiency and management of IoT resources by reducing costs, time, effort, and other factors. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6487 Title: Recognition of Handwritten Azerbaijani Letters using Convolutional Neural Networks Authors: Rzayev, Heydar; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Kalejahi, Behnam Kiani Abstract: Technology advancements have made it possible to fill out documents such as petitions and forms electronically. However, in some circumstances, hard copies of documents that are difficult to share, store, and save due to their rigid dimensions are still used to preserve documents in the conventional manner. It is crucial to convert these written documents into digital media because of this. From this view point, this goal of this study is to investigate various methods for the digitalization of handwritten documents. In this study, image processing methods were used to pre-process the documents that were converted to image format. These operations include splitting the image format of the document into the lines, separating them into words and characters, and then classifying the characters. Convolutional Neural Networks, which is used for image recognition, is one of the deep learning techniques used in classification. The Extended MNIST dataset and the symbol dataset created from the pre-existing documents are used to train the model. The success rate of the generated dataset was 88.72 percent. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/6486 Title: Some types of Solar Cells and their characters Authors: Emdadi, Babak Abstract: A solar cell is a type of electronic device that directly converts solar energy from light into electricity. A current and a voltage are produced by the sun's light shining on the solar cell to produce electrical vigor. This process requires a material that, when exposed to light, elevates an electron's energy level in the first stage. Additionally, in the second stage, this stronger electron is transferred from the solar cell to an external circuit. As a result, the electron loses energy in the outside circuit before returning to the solar cell. The requirements for photovoltaic energy conversion can potentially be met by a variety of materials and techniques. Although not strictly speaking, nearly all photovoltaic energy conversion uses semiconductor materials in the form of a p-n link. Taking into account the increase in tolerable vigor. Solar energy is the best example to use to show this. We will examine the many types of solar cells and their characteristics in this essay. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z