http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4487 2026-04-11T08:42:52Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4606 Title: Determinants of Effectiveness of Stay-At-Home against COVID-19 Authors: Ozturkler, Harun; Sakarya, Burchan; Tas, Bedri Kamil Onu Abstract: Quarantines are basic public health policies against pandemics. The wide spread quarantines worldwide against COVID-19 have been dubbed as “great lockdown” as a reference to the great depression in 1929. While quarantines may save millions of lives by limiting the mobility of people and isolating infected individuals, they also result in massive economic disruptions. Therefore, quarantine policies must be science-based policies, which requires comprehensive knowledge about the mode of interactions among the members of the society. In addition, quarantines must be inclusive in the sense that it must treat different segments of the society equally. In case of the COVID-19 instances in the US, we observe that the effectiveness of stay-at-home measures vary intensely across the states. Therefore, we hypothesize that prevailing factors such as population density and mode of transportation might play the key role in the differences in effectiveness of stay-at-home measures. Utilizing differences-in-differences estimation methodology, we inspect the impact of changes in mobility and structural factors such as modes of transportation and population density on COVID-19 cases in the US. Our findings show that restricting mobility and implementing stay-at-home measure significantly lower COVID-19 cases. In addition, the states with lower vehicle ownership have considerably higher cases. Population density also plays an important role as higher population density causes higher infection and cases. 2020-06-25T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4604 Title: Flattening the Curve of COVID-19 Vaccine Rejection—A Global Overview Authors: Feleszko, Wojciech, etc. Abstract: Current levels of public acceptability of immunisation put at serious risk the effectiveness of any future anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs. High levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy are reported even from countries severely affected by the pandemic. A survey on a representative sample of adult Polish citizens (n=1066) was conducted, showing that 28% of adults in Poland would not vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 if the vaccine became available. A majority (51%) of the reluctant respondents indicated that their minds would not be changed if given information regarding vaccine safety or efficacy, or if threatened with heavy fines. Significantly fewer respondents (37%) supported COVID-19 vaccinations specifically than supported childhood vaccinations in Poland in general (78% in 2018). Subsequently, a systematic search of nationally representative and methodologically sound surveys identified a total of 20. The vaccine hesitancy for the hypothetical, yet anticipated COVID-19 vaccine varied from very low (2–6% China) to very high (43%, Czechia, and 44%, Turkey). A legislative action, as well as the creation of sound and coherent common international public policies, should precede the availability of effective and safe COVID-19 vaccine. Note: Funding: This research was funded by the joint grant from the Warsaw University and the Medical University of Warsaw Federation Conflict of Interest: We declare no competing interests. Keywords: vaccine, vaccine hesitancy, anti-vaxers, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 2020-07-13T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4602 Title: 'Polidon' Approach - A Novel Approach of Mastoidectomy in COVID-19 Pandemic Authors: Arefin, Mostafa Kamal,etc. Abstract: Background: WHO declared COVID-19 outbreak as pandemic in March, 2020, which was started from Wuhan of china. Mastoidectomy is an aerosol generating procedure. If a patient of COVID-19, either confirmed, suspected or asymptomatic career, requires mastoidectomy urgently, it’s a critical issue for the health care professionals for the highly contagious nature of this novel corona virus. Here, some simple, but novel and very effective measures will be discussed for protection of all health care providers (HCPs). Polythene sheet and Povidone Iodine are the change makers in this novel approach of mastoidectomy, mentioned in this article. So, we named the technique as ‘POLIDON approach’ of mastoidectomy. Method/ Material: Placement of a transparent, sterile polythene sheet which acts as an interface between patient and surgeons and all other OR staffs is an important issue. Meanwhile, extended use of Povidone Iodine (PVP-I) is recommended in different way. Mouthwash for gargling and nasal application either by spray or nasal irrigation or drop will reduce viral load from nose and mouth of patient. HCPs should use PVP-I prophylactically also. Thus the chance of transmissibility of novel coronavirus is reduced Meanwhile, Povidone Iodine should be mixed with irrigating fluid to help in reduction of contamination by bone dust mixed with fluid, produced during surgery. Conclusion: As mastoidectomy is an aerosol generating procedure, and novel coronavirus is highly contagious, so higher level of protection is required. A simple and cheap polythene sheet as barrier drape as well as rational and novel use of Povidone Iodine, i.e. the proposed ‘POLIDON’ approach can significantly reduce the chance of corona virus transmission among the health care professionals working in the operation theatre. Abbreviations: PVP-I- Povidone Iodine, HCP- Health care provider Note: Conflict of Interest: All authors declared, there is no conflict of interest. Funding: None to declare Ethical Approval: Clearance certificate was acquired from the Ethical review committee of Dhaka Medical College. 2020-07-13T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4600 Title: COVID-19 Outbreak Improves Attractiveness of Careers in Medicine in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey in High School Students and Parents Authors: Zhang, Ruoxin, etc Abstract: Background: The shortage of healthcare workers is becoming a serious global problem. The underlying reasons may be specific to the healthcare system in each country. Over the past decade, medicine has become an increasingly unpopular profession in China due to the heavy workload, long-term training, and inherent risks. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has placed the life-saving roles of healthcare professionals under the spotlight. This public health crisis may have a profound impact on career choices in the young generation of Chinese. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based online survey on high school students and their parents from 24 provinces (or municipalities) of China. We investigated the change of interest in medical study due to the outbreak of COVID-19 and the motivational factors. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation of static or dynamic interest of medical career selection with the reported number of COVID-19 cases. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs was used to explore underlying motivations for selection of medical-related degrees. The logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the main factors associated with students’ choices. Findings: A total of 21,085 students and 21,009 parents were included in the study. We observed an increased preference for medical study since the outbreak of COVID-19 in both students (17·5% to 29·6%) and parents (37·1% to 47·3%). Contribution to society and interest in medicine was rated as the main motivations. Additionally, students who were female, in the resit of graduate year and outside of Hubei province were significantly associated with a keen interest in medical study. Interpretation: This first multi-center cross-sectional study explores the positive change and noble motivations of students’ preferences in medical study during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal study is required to determine the persistence of their choices. Funding Statement: The Local High Level University Construction Project of Shanghai, China. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Institutional review board of the Fudan University School of Public Health. Informed consent was waived because the questions were answered anonymously. 2020-07-13T00:00:00Z