http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3831 2026-04-04T03:29:04Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3832 Title: Connotative Confluence: Imagery and its functions in Shakespeare’s King Lear Authors: Aziz, Shazia; Ashraf, Rabia; Ejaz, Huma; Amir-ud-Din, Rafi Abstract: Written in the early 1600s, King Lear, an early modern tragedy with the human condition as its main premise, displays Shakespeare’s effective exploitation of complex imagery. Through various images and extended or long drawn out metaphors, Shakespeare not only comments on character, plot, action, man’s position in the universe in relation to Nature, offspring and siblings, but also addresses such questions as political legitimacy, treason, treachery, aristocracy and the relationship between land and the monarch. In a turbulent period marked by strict rules against commenting directly on politics and royalty even in the parliament, imagery also serves as advice for the monarch in the tradition of speculum principis i.e., mirror for princes literature. This paper discusses the effect and manifold functions of various imagistic techniques used in King Lear and how imagery as a stylistic tool helps the playwright to substantially expand the meanings of the play making it a timeless and universal reading not only for the learners of Literature, but also for historians, psychologists, political scientists, philosophers, economists and food theorists, to mention only a few. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3829 Title: Borges’s “The Intruder” Remediated: Adaptation to Silver/Cyber Screens Authors: Hadaegh, Bahee; Torabi, Venus Abstract: The present article is a critical scene for studying Ghazal 1975, an Iranian film by Masud Kimiai and Natalie Bookchin’s videogame, The Intruder 1999, both adapted from Borges’s short story, “The Intruder”. Exploiting Linda Hutcheon’s A Theory of Adaptation (three modes of engagement in a story), the concentration is on showing how Borges’s story, as a telling mode (print), is remediated into showing (film) and interactive (video game). Ghazal exercises both fidelity criticism and appropriation regarding contextualization and adaptability, whereas The Intruder is a game of narration and interaction simultaneously, where the significance lies at studying the game’s “narrative mode” as a show case of Cyber Literature. The effort is aimed at scrutinizing how literary adaptations as forms of remediation are practically the manifestations of change in the storytelling narrative modes. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3827 Title: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Radi’s Dramas From behind the Windows and Hamlet with Season Salad Based on Van Leeuwen’s Framework "Representing Social Actions" Authors: Khormaee, Alireza; Sattarinezhad, Rayeheh Abstract: Different representations of social actions create distinct types of discourses. Applying van Leeuwen’s 'Social Actions' framework (2008), the present study critically analyzes the power relations between the main characters of Radi’s dramas From behind the Windows and Hamlet with Season Salad. The objective of our study is to account for the differences between the discourse of the dominant and the discourse of the dominated. In order to elucidate such differences we count and analyze the characters’ social (re)actions and, in turn, identify four types of contrasts: cognitive vs. affective and perceptive reactions; material vs. semiotic actions; transactive vs. non-transactive actions; interactive vs. instrumental actions. Two opposing discourses emerge from these contrasts. On the one hand, the dominant characters mostly react cognitively and their actions are often semiotic, transactive, and interactive. On the other hand, the dominated characters’ reactions are often affective and perceptive, while most of their actions are material, non-transactive, and instrumental. As the results show, the author’s linguistic choices underscore the power relations between the dominant and the dominated characters. Building upon the fact that our analysis sheds light on the underlying ideologies and intentions of the author, we tentatively conclude that despite its being predominantly employed in the analysis of political discourses, van Leeuwen’s framework also proves effective in the critical analysis of literary works. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3826 Title: Some Suitable Strategies of Economic Development for Developing Countries like Pakistan Authors: Mahmood, Tariq; Suhaib, Abdul Quddus Abstract: The bitter fact of the world is that mostly people are living in poverty especially in the developing countries. This paper presents some effective policies and strategies for the rehabilitation of poor inhabitants of developing world. The development and prosperity of developing countries depends on the economic condition of their inhabitants. In developing countries, mostly people are engaged with agricultural sector or with labor sector. Due to their low incomes, per capita of developing countries remain low. But by following some strategies and policies this condition may be changed. Furthermore, export of costly products is also hindrances in the way of achieving progress for developing countries. By solving brain drain, lessening their industrial imports and increasing their exports of industrial goods and increasing literacy rate are some suitable strategies discussed. But despite of all policies and strategies, the infrastructure and increasing literacy among the inhabitants of developing countries and the under developed world are also crucial for improving their per capita income and the standard of living. Without improving the standard of living of the under developed world, crimes, diseases and other wrong deeds cannot be decreased until the problem of hunger and ignorance is not solved. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z