http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3340 2026-04-04T03:27:55Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3346 Title: Turkey’s National Security Concept - A Major Factor Hindering Membership of the European Union Authors: Rousseau, Richard Abstract: Although Europeanization is a relatively new concept, the roots of the idea of the Europeanization of security in Western Europe go back to the early days of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and became manifest after the demise of the USSR, which marked the end of the Cold War.1 Therefore, the process of European integration can also be seen as a Europeanization of the security culture of European Union (EU) member states. This Europeanization is a transition from the classical perception of security, based on state-centric high politics (achieving security by military power), to a modern one, that is giving priority to low politics (achieving security by non-military power, through economic and political integration). Hence, the Europeanization of security is actually a process of de-securitization which eliminates security and insecurity concerns from perception. However, non-military security problems and dynamics can also be present in that de-securitization. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3345 Title: Iranian EFL Teache rs’ Challe nges with the New ELT Program after the Reform: From Dream to Reality Authors: Safari, Parvin; Sahragard, Rahman Abstract: In each country, progress in education plays a significant role in human development, socio-economic growth, equal opportunities, accessibility of skillful human power, more welfare, and political stability (Rena, 2008). This view has led policy makers around the world to enormously invest in education (Rena, 2011) and make any attempt to create basic changes in the texture of education for further prosperity. Thus, to drive in this path, educational transformations and reform in curriculum are required to reflect the changes in educational theories and praxis of the modern world (Fterniati, 2006). 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3344 Title: Impact of Citizens' Economic Status on Policy Formulation and Implementation Authors: Moitui, Joash Ntenga Abstract: Citizenship can be defined as the judicial and political status given to individuals as equal members of a national community that both oblige them to undertake personal responsibilities and entitle them to individual rights. Social citizenship is ideally derived from this central definition; however, it extends to economic welfare as an added advantage of being a citizen of a country. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3343 Title: Factors Affecting Parental Involvement in Education: The Analysis of Literature Authors: Jafarov, Javid Abstract: There is no exact and common definition of parental involvement in the literature. For example, to LaRocque et al. (2011, p.116) parental involvement is ‘the parents’ or caregivers’ investment in the education of their children’.Alternatively, Christenson et al. (1992) stated how parents play a role in their children’s education, in both home-related and school-related. Parental involvement is parental intervention in their children’s education in order to be able to obtain information about their children’s academic growth, participation, when they define parental involvement (Crozier, 1999). “Family and community involvement frequently means helping reach goal defined by the schools (administrators and teachers) that reflect only school values and priorities” (Jordan et al., 2001, p10). 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z