http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/47 2026-11-11T10:51:13Z 2026-11-11T10:51:13Z Akın, Ümit http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/8467 2026-11-04T07:37:57Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Women in the Intellectual World of Rızaeddin Bin Fahreddin from Idyll-Ural Turks Authors: Akın, Ümit Abstract: Rızaeddin Bin Fahreddin, one of the most important intellectuals of Russian Turks, produced many works in the fields of religion, literature, philosophy, and pedagogy. While he was still a student at the madrasah, his acquaintance with the reformist thought of Mercani, a reformist thinker from the Idyl Ural Turks, brought about a discussion and questioning in his world of ideas. According to him, the awakening of the Muslims of Russia from the sleep of heedlessness could only be possible through education. For this reason, he devoted his life to research in this way, tried to find out the reasons for the backwardness of Muslims, and felt it his duty to offer solutions to them. He was also aware of the Jadidist education system of Ismail Gaspıralı, one of the leading intellectual figures of Russian Turks. He followed the newspaper Tercüman published by Gaspıralı and had the opportunity to compare and improve his perspective on some issues such as language, education, school, and marriage. One of the issues that Rızaeddin Fahreddin emphasized is the issue of ``women''. His many works such as ``Terbiyeli Bala 1889'', ``Terbiyeli Ana 1898'', ``Selime Yaki İffet 1889'', ``Terbiyeli Hatun 1899'', ``Aile 1901'', ``Meşhur Hatunlar 1903'', ``Esma Yaki Amel ve Ceza 1903'' reflect his views on women. In our study, the method of document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, and in this framework, it was aimed to reveal the idea of ``view of women'', which was of great importance for that period, based on the works of Selime Yaki İffet, Esma Yaki Amel ve Ceza, Aile, Meşhur Hatunlar written by Rızaeddin Fahreddin. Description: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1669-5399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.1612

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Ahmad, Muhammad Mushtaq, Muhammad Jabeen, Maryyam Siddique, Ali Raza http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/8466 2026-11-04T07:35:51Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Lexicogrammatical Specificities in L2 Academic Writing: An Across and Within Disciplinary Corpus Linguistic Study Authors: Ahmad, Muhammad; Mushtaq, Muhammad; Jabeen, Maryyam; Siddique, Ali Raza Abstract: This corpus-based study investigated disciplinary specificities in the use of lexicogrammatical features in academic writing produced by the writers of English as a second language (L2) across and within disciplines. The corpus for this study was developed from the doctoral dissertation texts of four disciplinary groups across 16 disciplines and was analyzed systematically in AntConc after tagging with TagAnt and Multidimensional Analysis taggers. The corpus comprised 160 doctoral dissertations (10 per discipline, 40 per disciplinary group) totalling 3,613,190 words: arts and humanities (English, history, linguistics, philosophy), social sciences (economics, law, politics, sociology), life sciences (agriculture, biology, food sciences, psychology), and physical sciences (computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics). The results exhibited notable differences and similarities in the use of lexicogrammatical features in the academic writing across and within disciplines, echoing and extending the findings of the previous studies. The differences were observed against the expert disciplinary specificities. Therefore, the academic writers were advised to make appropriate use of lexicogrammatical features in accordance with the conventions of their respective disciplines. The results of this study have implications for the teachers, researchers, and students of English as a Second/Foreign language, syllabus designers, and language policy planners. Description: Muhammad Ahmad: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-9511 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.1611

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Nafisah, Latifah Abdulgani Abdulrahman Bin http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/8465 2026-11-04T07:32:23Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Islamic Hijab as a Border of Cloth: A Critical Spatial Theory Perspective Authors: Nafisah, Latifah Abdulgani Abdulrahman Bin Abstract: This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the Islamic hijab, transcending traditional interpretations that often focus solely on political, cultural, religious, or gender dimensions. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the hijab through the application of critical spatial theory. It also fills this theoretical gap by providing a theoretical overview of the hijab with reference to Henri Lefebvre's concept of the spatial triad and Edward Soja's concept of Third Space, mainly. Using a conceptual and interdisciplinary strategy, the research combines the idea of sacred space in Islam with contemporary spatial theory to create a holistic understanding of hijab as a spatial practice, an embodied practice. This investigation argues that the hijab is not only a religious rule on cloth, but also "borders of cloth" that first produce the Muslim woman's body as a holy space and then also provide space for significant interaction in the public and social spheres. Going beyond binary opposition, such as oppression and emancipation, private vs public, religious vs secular, it shows how the hijab is used in perceived, conceptualised, and experienced environments. Based on the results, the hijab is a process of spatial negotiation that enables Muslim women to create an Islamic identity, preserve physical purity, and participate in modern society without compromising their religious beliefs. The article makes a significant contribution to the field of Islam, religion, and spatial studies through the use of critical spatial theory to analyse the embodied nature of religious practices, as well as offering a theoretically integrated interpretation that enables it to shape the ongoing debate around space, identity, embodiment, and lived religion. Description: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6101-8958 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.1610

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Zakria, Saad Ullah, Azmat http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/8464 2026-11-04T07:30:02Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Human Security or State Security? Afghan Refugees and Policy Dilemmas in Pakistan Authors: Zakria, Saad; Ullah, Azmat Abstract: Between 2008 and 2022, Pakistan faced a complex policy dilemma in managing Afghan refugees, balancing humanitarian obligations with national security concerns. After hosting Afghan refugees for more than four decades, Pakistan's approach gradually shifted from humanitarian accommodation and regional solidarity to securitization, stricter documentation, border controls, and repatriation efforts. Analysis of secondary data shows that many refugees experienced legal uncertainty, limited access to education and healthcare, poor labor conditions, and pressure to return despite instability in Afghanistan. Simultaneously, Pakistan confronted genuine challenges, including terrorism risks, irregular migration, economic burdens, declining international assistance, and pressure on public services. The study argues that the human security perspective, which prioritizes refugee welfare and rights, weakened significantly after 9/11 and especially following the 2014 Army Public School attack. Sustainable refugee governance requires legal protection, fair documentation systems, regional cooperation, donor burden-sharing, and truly voluntary, safe repatriation processes. Description: DOI: https://doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.1609

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