http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4132 2026-04-04T00:30:52Z 2026-04-04T00:30:52Z Dimililer, Çelen Kurt, Mustafa http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4137 2019-11-20T05:54:27Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The Impact of Collaborative Writing and The Stream of Consciousness Technique on Writing Authors: Dimililer, Çelen; Kurt, Mustafa Abstract: This experimental research study attempted to examine the effectiveness of an advanced writing course integrating the stream of consciousness technique and collaborative writing. The writing course was designed for eleven undergraduate English as foreign language students studying at the English language teaching department. Adopting a mixed methods research design, qualitative and quantitative data were used to answer the research questions. Qualitative data were gathered from pre and post-intervention interviews and the quantitative data from the pre and post-tests. The results revealed that a great majority of the participants made considerable progress in terms of creativity and overall writing performance. The fact that the intervention was effective was apparent in a great majority of the participants’ preference for collaborative writing over individual writing and all participants’ preference for the stream of consciousness technique over traditional writing modes. In terms of the use of the stream of consciousness technique and collaborative writing, it was found that collaborative writing was a more pleasing experience. It was also found that due to the intervention they not only made good progress in terms of their writing skills but also their attitudes changed in a positive way towards writing.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Bajrami, Demush Iseni, Arburim Topko, Anesa http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4136 2019-11-20T05:51:57Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Subversion - The Secret Power of the Message Enlaced with the Power of the Internet and Information Technology Authors: Bajrami, Demush; Iseni, Arburim; Topko, Anesa Abstract: Subversion! Is it the symbol of invisibility, or the symbol of the secret power? What does it represent, the ability to carry the messages secretly, or the power to change the world? What are the ideas or objects that subversion challenges? The authority, people, tradition, institution, or the whole of humanity. Can it be considered as a way to brainwash or as a means to manipulate the thoughts and opinions of people? Is the power used by people to hide their feelings from others, be subversive? Is it the point where the change and progress meet? There are a lot of numerous and different questions that can be born from just a simple word subversion. At first glance, we think it is something simple, but its true meaning has power and many methods of expression. The whole idea and aim of subversion are to overthrow the existing state or situation and bring a functioning or desired change. It also supports the idea of staying behind and moving by one's own beliefs and choices. One of the common ways that we are exposed to subversive messages is through advertisements for different products, and the messages they carry on. Because of them, our subconscious mind is made to believe and desire things that we do not truly need or want. In the age of information technology and social media, subversive messages are carried much easier and shaped based on the characteristics of target audiences. Nowadays, advertisement and political campaigns directly respond to the individual requirements of target audiences, making their messages much more acceptable and influential.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Sajid, Muhammad Akbar Anwar, Behzad Ashraf, Muhammad http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4135 2019-11-20T05:49:39Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Politics, Ideology and Print Media: A CDA of Newspapers’ Headlines Authors: Sajid, Muhammad Akbar; Anwar, Behzad; Ashraf, Muhammad Abstract: The present study critically decodes the headlines of Pakistani-English newspapers to locate linguistic spin employing different political ideologies in the desired manner by the controlling groups. The headlines which appeared in the daily ‘Dawn’ and ‘Nation’ newspapers during the year 2014 have been categorised into various themes such as theme of politics, nationalism, internationalism, terrorism, and economics but in the present study, the researchers have only focused on the headlines carrying the topic of politics. In this regard, two headlines from each newspaper about the theme of politics have been randomly selected and analysed by employing Dijk’s (2006) analytical framework of critical discourse analysis (CDA). Additionally, the existing model of Dijk has been amended in accordance with the nature of the existing data. Therefore, four headlines from each newspaper randomly selected carrying political themes have been analysed to explore how different discursive techniques employed in the coinage of newspaper headlines (mis)represent the same political event differently. The researchers have investigated the print media coverage of the same event in both the newspapers’ headlines to lay bare how different discursive techniques are employed to represent the same news item by different ideological groups to propagate desired political ideologies. The findings of the study highlight that different discursive moves are used by print media to represent the same event differently to propagate desired ideology. That is how print media discourses represent certain people belonging to in/out-groups.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Kiracı, Kasım Bakır, Mahmut http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/4134 2019-11-20T05:47:16Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Causal Relationship Between Air Transport and Economic Growth: Evidence from Panel Data for High, Upper-Middle, Lower-Middle and Low-Income Countries Authors: Kiracı, Kasım; Bakır, Mahmut Abstract: This study aims to find out the causal relationship between air transport and economic growth based on income level. To this end, selected countries with high-income, uppermiddle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income levels were included in the analyses for this study. Focusing on the 1990-2016 period, a total of 70 countries were classified according to their income levels and were analyzed empirically. In the study, panel causality analyzes by Kónya (2006) and Emirmahmutoğlu & Köse (2011) were used. Our findings show that GDP has a certain degree of effect on air transport. They also indicate that the unidirectional or bidirectional causal relationships running from GDP to air transport and air transport to GDP vary by the income level of countries.

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