http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3781 2026-04-04T04:53:43Z 2026-04-04T04:53:43Z Trajkovska-Hristovska, Jelena http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3787 2018-11-09T14:08:32Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The Features of the Modern Concept of Separation of Powers as an Element of Constitutionalism - “The Garden of Eden” or “The Dark Side of the Moon ”? Authors: Trajkovska-Hristovska, Jelena Abstract: The focus of the contemporary constitutional law and the constitutionalism is the limitation of the government by the means of legal instruments and mechanisms. Therefore, the analysis of the relation between the concept of constitutionalism and the principle of separation of powers has the central position of this paper. The paper elaborates the concept of constitutionalism as an idea and ideology of limited and controlled power. At the same time it has been emphasised that the development of the constitutionalism as a doctrine is possible only with previous analysis of its basic elements. The principle of "separation of powers" is one of these elements. The second point of this paper refers to the principle of “separation of powers” as one of the basic principles and concepts of the contemporary constitutions. The principle of separation of powers is a basic idea, general objective and a constant of the contemporary legal order. However, the paper will point out that the new situation in the relations between the branches of the government and the adaptation of the principle of separation of powers to the new circumstances, in the constitutional literature is known as contemporary constitutionalism. The paper elaborates the concepts of judicial supremacy and judicial paramontcy as elements of the contemporary American constitutionalism, as well as the manners and attempts for their theoretical justification. On the other hand, the paper will elaborate the phenomenon of judicial juristocracy in the European continental systems for control of constitutionality. The paper highlights the implementation of the doctrine of review of the constitutionality of the constitutional norms (verfassungswidrigen Verfassungsrechts) in the practice of the European constitutional courts. It elaborates the dilemma does the interpretation of the “mischievous phrases” of the constitution, by introducing concepts for ,,symbolic constitution” and ,,constitution behind a constitution” on one hand, and the introduction of the doctrine of review of the constitutionality of the constitutional norms on other, overhangs the concept of separation of powers, as The Sword of Leviathan. Finally the paper sets the dilemma whether the tectonic shift of the focus of decision making towards the legislative – executive – judicial power, and the unhidden and manifested will, ambition and activity of the courts to control the action of political authorities as a feature of the contemporary constitutionalism, is the so-called “the garden of Eden” or its opposite “the Dark Side of the Moon”.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Ibrahimov, Rovshan http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3786 2018-11-09T14:08:31Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Energy strategy development of Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan: A Comparative Analysis1 Authors: Ibrahimov, Rovshan Abstract: Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan are three post-Soviet countries, which are in varying degrees rich of energy resources. After gaining independence, oil and gas wealth were the main resources for overcoming acute economic stagnation, and later the formation of the economy itself in all of these countries. Even today, the energy sector is form base and essential in their economies. As from the declaration of independence of these three countries already twentyseven years has passed, the energy strategy has become diversified and differ from each other. This is due to many factors, both internal and external. What factor affected this phenomenon will be explained in this article. Also in his article will provide information on the development of the energy sector in Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, from the moment they gain independence until today. The specifics of the energy strategy development in each country will be highlighted and further a comparative analysis will be conducted, according to which common points and differences between these former republics of the Soviet Union will be determined. This will allow considering the prospect of further development of the energy sector both: in these countries and in other countries, whose economy is also mainly based on the energy sector.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Ganbarov, Dashgin http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3785 2018-11-09T14:08:29Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Forms of stating the right to Freedom of Association in International Regulatory Acts Authors: Ganbarov, Dashgin Abstract: The protection of freedom of association can be acknowledged as the protection of fundamental human rights. The enforcement of freedom of association is the indicator of the protection of human rights in general. In modern times, the enforcement of freedom of association means the observance of democratic principles. It should be taking into consideration that mechanisms of the protection of human rights emerged actively after the World War II. Actually, the legal basis for the protection of human rights was for the first time reflected in the UN Charter. The reason, why the UN pays special attention to the protection of human rights, was explained in the preamble of the charter of the organization. International regulatory basis of freedom of association deserves attention for its thoroughness. Numerous conventions of non-regulatory nature or with full legal force ensure effective regulation of freedom of association. The existing international legal standards or acts clearly prescribe everyone’s right to freedom of association and belong to any existing associations to achieve their goals. Different efficient mechanisms have been developed to prevent violation of these rights.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Ozdemir, Melih Burak Gurkan, Senem Barut, Yashar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12323/3784 2018-11-09T14:08:28Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: 9-11 Year Old Students’ Perception of Violence Reflected in Their Drawings Authors: Ozdemir, Melih Burak; Gurkan, Senem; Barut, Yashar Abstract: Violence, which can be defined as any threat towards the physical and psychological integrity of a human being, can result in fear, anxiety and severe behavior problems on children, whether exposed or witnessed. In this study, it is planned to achieve children’s perception of violence expressed by drawing and obtaining data in this way. In this study, the type of violence children portray in their drawings, how they determine to portray characteristics who perpetrate violence and are exposed to it as well as how is applied are analyzed. To measure how children perceive the violence, they were asked to draw a picture describing the ones who use violence and the ones who are exposed to violence. The pictures, drawn by children who participated in the study, were examined from a semantic perspective and content analysis method was adopted on the pictures. The research was conducted in Samsun province in the middle socio-economic level, with total of 53 students, 27 girls and 26 boys between the ages of 9-11 who were randomly selected representing two schools. Drawings were examined according to the issues they portrayed and then, semantic and content analysis was applied. In the children’s drawings, it is shown that the violence of adults is reflected more. These findings indicate that child to child violence, domestic violence, war, adult to child violence, adults to animal violence and terrorism is portrayed respectively. Generally, males are portrayed in the drawings. Drawn illustrations show that children are aware of the growing violence in their environmental. Raising the children in nonviolent social environment seems important for their healthy development. We can say that drawing, which is a simple tool for exploring the children’s inner world, can be used by all professionals responsible for children education.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z