From Dominance to Isolation: Analyzing Iran’s Regi̇onal Influence in the 21st Century

Abstract

The purpose of this study is a comprehensive theoretical and analytical analysis of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 2001 to 2025 through the prism of neoclassical realism and constructivism. The study aims to explain the transformation of Tehran’s regional strategy-from the phase of conditional strengthening to the period of strategic overload and relative isolation. The focus is on identifying the reasons why Iran, despite its structural capabilities and resources, was unable to consolidate sustainable regional leadership and found itself drawn into conflicts that undermine its own security. The dissertation aims to show that Iran’s foreign policy is shaped not only by the international environment, but also as a result internal institutional fragmentation, ideological dogmas and a crisis of legitimacy.