Traces of Folk Literature in the “Maqtal” of Yusuf Maddah in the 14th Century

Abstract

Literary genre “maqtal” came to literature from the arabs. Then it passed to the persians, and then to Turkish literature. During the time of the prophet and after him, wars and their tragedies were called as "maqtal." The arabic word maqtal means "the place where a person is killed and when he is killed." The XIV century specimens are richer than this one and gives some materials for research. An acquaintance with Yusuf Maddah's masnavi of “Maqtali Hussein”, which disappeared in the darkness of history, shows that the work is special importance in terms of studying the literary language and historical grammar of the XIV century of Azerbaijan, as well as the richness of themes, forms and genres of the history of epic poetry. The work also provides rich material for studying the arrival and development of the genre of poetry in our literary history. Poetik works of classical literature has always been the object of research with the capacity for meaning, the diversity of genres, and the poetic landscapes. The analysis of the classical Azerbaijani-turkic poetic language in particular their dictionary structure and character of use of loans in a context of dictionary language gives an interesting material for reflections. Specificity of use by the poet of loans, originality of its approach to this problem is found out. Native language examples of the XIV century the masnavi of “Maqtali-Hussein” is written in a language that everyone can understand, that is written in the vernacular. Azerbaijani words are developed together with arabic and persian words in this example of poetry, and helps to make the idea more understandable. It should also be noted that there are more Azerbaijani-Turkish words in the Masnavi than derivations.